You will learn to: Identify the bones and important landmarks of the skull. Describe the anatomical features of individual skull bones. Identify skull foramina and the structures passing through them. Explain the attachments and relations of the mandible. Differentiate typical and atypical cervical vertebrae. Understand the clinical importance of skull anatomy, age changes and ossification.

You will learn to : Describe the layers of the scalp and explain their clinical importance. Identify the muscles of facial expression and their nerve supply. Trace the facial artery and facial vein. Explain the lymphatic drainage of the face. Understand the spread of infection in the scalp and face. Correlate facial anatomy with facial nerve injury and common clinical conditions.

You will learn to : Identify the layers of deep cervical fascia. Describe the boundaries and contents of the posterior triangle. Explain the course and branches of the cervical plexus. Identify important nerves, vessels and lymph nodes of the neck. Understand the spread of infections through cervical fascial spaces. Recognise the anatomical basis of accessory nerve injury and related clinical conditions.

You will learn to : Describe the boundaries and subdivisions of the anterior triangle. Identify the muscles and neurovascular structures in the region. Differentiate the internal and external carotid arteries. Trace the branches of the external carotid artery. Explain the formation and distribution of the ansa cervicalis. Apply anatomical knowledge to carotid pulse examination and neck procedures.

You will learn to : Describe the location, parts and relations of the parotid gland. Explain the course of the parotid duct and its opening into the oral cavity. Identify the structures passing through the gland and their arrangement. Understand the relationship between the parotid gland and facial nerve. Explain the anatomical basis of parotid swelling and facial nerve injury.

You will learn to : Identify the boundaries and contents of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. Describe the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of muscles of mastication. Trace the course and branches of the maxillary artery. Explain the distribution of the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Understand the anatomical basis of mastication, mandibular movements and dental nerve blocks.

You will learn to : Describe the anatomy and relations of the submandibular gland. Explain the course and opening of Wharton's duct. Differentiate the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. Understand the nerve supply and secretomotor pathways of salivary glands. Correlate anatomy with salivary gland stones, obstruction and swelling.

You will learn to : Describe the position, relations and blood supply of the thyroid gland. Identify the parathyroid glands and explain their anatomical significance. Trace the major arteries, veins and cranial nerves in the neck. Explain the anatomical basis of thyroid surgery complications. Understand the course and functions of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves. Describe the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck.

You will learn to : Identify the deep muscles and important neurovascular structures of the neck. Describe the course and relations of the vertebral artery. Explain the formation and distribution of the cervical plexus. Trace the phrenic nerve and understand its clinical importance. Describe the boundaries and contents of the suboccipital triangle. Understand the anatomical relationships of the trachea, oesophagus and cervical pleura.

You will learn to : Describe the coverings and major contents of the vertebral canal. Explain the arrangement of the spinal meninges and spaces. Identify spinal nerves and their relationship to the vertebral canal. Understand the clinical significance of the epidural space and vertebral venous system. Relate the anatomy to spinal anaesthesia and epidural procedures.

You will learn to : Describe the cranial meninges and the formation of dural folds. Identify the major dural venous sinuses and trace their drainage. Explain the boundaries and contents of the cavernous sinus. Identify the structures related to the pituitary gland. Understand the anatomical basis of cavernous sinus thrombosis and pituitary disorders. Correlate the course of cranial nerves and arteries with important clinical conditions.

You will learn to : Identify the major structures contained within the orbit. Describe the extraocular muscles and their nerve supply. Trace the optic nerve and explain the pathway for vision at an anatomical level. Explain the nerve supply of the eye and pupillary control. Identify the major orbital arteries and veins. Understand the anatomical basis of eye movements, diplopia and selected orbital injuries.

You will learn to : Describe the anatomy of the oral cavity, palate and pharynx. Identify the muscles of the soft palate and pharynx and explain their actions. Explain the nerve and blood supply of the palate and pharynx. Describe Waldeyer's lymphatic ring and the anatomical features of the palatine tonsil. Understand the stages of swallowing and the role of the pharyngotympanic tube. Correlate anatomy with tonsillitis, swallowing disorders and cleft palate.

You will learn to : Describe the external nose and the internal structure of the nasal cavity. Identify the walls, conchae and meatuses of the nose. Explain the location, drainage and clinical importance of paranasal sinuses. Identify the boundaries and contents of the pterygopalatine fossa. Trace the maxillary nerve and its important branches. Understand the autonomic pathways associated with the pterygopalatine ganglion.

You will learn to : Identify the cartilages, joints and membranes of the larynx. Describe the cavity of the larynx and the arrangement of vocal folds. Explain the actions and nerve supply of intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Understand the anatomical basis of phonation and speech. Explain the role of the larynx in protecting the airway during swallowing. Correlate anatomy with hoarseness, vocal cord paralysis and airway obstruction.

You will learn to : Describe the external features and anatomical divisions of the tongue. Differentiate the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and their actions. Explain the sensory, taste and motor nerve supply of the tongue. Describe the papillae and their distribution. Explain the anatomical basis of taste and tongue movements. Understand the clinical significance of hypoglossal nerve injury and the lymphatic drainage of tongue cancers.

You will learn to : Describe the structure of the external, middle and internal ear. Identify the auditory ossicles and explain their role in sound transmission. Explain the anatomy of the tympanic membrane and middle ear. Differentiate the bony and membranous labyrinths. Understand the anatomical basis of hearing and balance. Correlate ear anatomy with otitis media, mastoiditis and vestibular disorders.